Where have I seen this before?

I was reading some stuff for school and came across this; where have I seen this in action? OH yea ... never mind.




Symptoms of Groupthink
1. Invulnerability: An illusion that breeds excessive optimism and risk taking.
2. Inherent morality: A belief that encourages the group to ignore ethical implications.
3. Rationalization: Protects pet assumptions.
4. Stereotyped views of opposition: Cause group to underestimate opponents.
5. Self-censorship: Stifles critical debate.
6. Illusion of unanimity: Silence interpreted to mean consent.
7. Peer pressure: Loyalty of dissenters is questioned.
8. Mindguards: Self-appointed protectors against adverse information.

Decision-Making Defects
1. Few alternatives
2. No reexamination of preferred alternatives
3. No reexamination of rejected alternatives
4. Rejection of expert opinions
5. Selective bias of new information
6. No contingency plans.


SOURCES: Symptoms adapted from I L Janis, Groupthink, 2nd ed (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1982), pp. 174–75. Defects excerpted from G
Moorhead.“Groupthink: Hypothesis in Need of Testing,” Group & Organization Studies, December 1982, p. 434. Copyright © 1982 by Sage
Publications. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications, Inc.